AGRICULTURAN AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF SUMBAL BLOCK OF BANDIPORA DISTRIC OF KASHMIR
STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PLAN USING
PARTICIPARTORY RURAL APPRAISAL
FOR
TEHSIL SUMBAL SONAWARI (BANDIPORA)
FROM
19th – 28th, JUNE 2008.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sumbal Sonawari is actually among the Tehsil of section Bandipora erstwhile section Baramulla Kashmir. Sumbal can be found 34013’ N as well as 74037’ E having an average altitude associated with 5178 feet (1578.25 meter) previously mentioned imply seaside level. The District Bandipora is obtaining several Tehsils viz. Bandiopa, Gurez and Sumbal Sonawari which has a total human population with 306511 persons comprising involving 158754 males and 147757 females. Out of the whole population on the district Bandipora the actual tehsil Sumbal Sonawari is actually having population involving 149013 individuals composed of 76411 adult men and also 72602 females. The district Bandipora is made of 53 Panchyat halqas having 200 villages out which 12 Panchayat Halqas connected with 51 communities slip in Block Sumbal involving tehsil Sonawari.
The Bandipora area is usually surrounded by way of Kupwara in the West, Baramulla inside South, Kargil, Srinagar plus Ganderbal while in the East and LoC within the North. The center includes severe chilly local climate in wintertime and a pleasurable weather condition in summer. Each component of the particular region suffers from snowfall throughout winter. Road to be able to Gurez stays closed throughout cold months due to snowfall. Average 12-monthly rainfall with District Bandipora offers happen to be recorded since 589 mm with approximately 82 rainy days.
Tehsil Sumbal Sonwari located inside the South with Bandipora having varied topography viz. plains, karewas, hillocks, plus marshy lands, and water bodies. This method of topography generally can make areas liable to deluge in addition to drought conditions. The cultivable places usually are fertile mostly wealthy with clay as well as silt. The river Jehlam along with Sindh passing in the region serves as most important cause of irrigation. At almost all places water is definitely elevated from the pushes and also distributed as a result of irrigation canals. The huge clay content material would make soils pretty loosely when drenched and very hard when dry.
The neighborhood women of all ages along with town youths had been primarily identified engaged with creation of handicrafts like floor covering making, shawl making, embroidery etc. and almost each home had been using a carpet weaving unit.The people today mostly fit in to help low income organizations and are also economically backward. The predicament results in being additional aggravated thanks to reduced productivity, unemployment/ underemployment, deficiency of conversation plus essential facilities such as education and also health. Majority in the folks put up with from malnutrition and also under nutrition along with the worst make party is usually infants and also women. The danger for you to wellbeing danger is actually apprehended as a result of poor hygienic conditions, dangerous ingesting normal water facilities etc.
To alleviate low income from the location Govt. Departments, Institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) along with allied specialists will work hard to improve the actual generation as well as productivity, yield work and strengthen that existing problems through their progammes in addition to activities. It is in this specific connection, in which the sort of NGO specifically Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS) approached towards the University through Directorate of Extension Education intended for acquiring SREP in addition to running regarding need based trainings with farming and allied fields. The NGO have been occupied with company of Self Help Groups (SHGs) one of many women of all ages folks with the location with regard to minuscule university features plus eventually women empowerment.
Director Extension Education/ SMAETI, Prof. G.M. Wani appreciatandmediately constituted a team with experts/ scientists on the Directorate to carry that project methodically applying Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) strategy from 19th June 2008 to help 28th June 2008 inside already diagnosed towns in the IGSSS. The whole function seemed to be taken and conducted smoothly from a assignment mode strategy from the signed occasion over the lively coordination along with response in the gurus as well as NGO personnel.
II.METHODOLOGY
In arrangement to arrange Strategic Research Extension Plan (SREP) with regard to the neighborhood viz Sumbal Sonawari in the wished-for time plan PRA procedure has been applied to collect the particular answers from the villagers. This integrated employing associated with pre-tested appointment schedules, relationships meetings, transect-walks, participatory remark methods, plantation as well as residence appointments and debate etc. within a nicely designed manner out of 19th June 2008 to 28th June 2008 around this selected villages.
The staff deputed to the function made of scientists/ experts coming from Extension Education, Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant safeguard and also Olericulture from the Directorate in addition to SKUAST-K divisions. The workforce appeared to be likewise made it easier for by simply State Coordinator as well as Project Supervisors associated with IGSSS within intro associated with self assist groups plus villagers at large and fine food to the team. The PRA had been performed inside a new step-by-step manner through statement associated with subsequent steps:
Preparation of interview schedule and its use
After pre-testing and also more processing on the schedule, the PRA had been productively conducted.Rapport building
In order to possess some sort of brief thought within the whole village resources, ecology, requirements connected with farming area and also prospects etc. previous to create a program for PRA, the particular group went to your office associated with IGSSS at Inderkot village connected with Sumbal Sonawari. Immediately following an relationships meeting considering the scientists, officials with IGSSS and farmers on the town mainly girls home assist groups some important information appeared to be collected on the preceding aspects.
This relationships getting together with seemed to be as well helpful in determining the actual program with do the job inside revealed villages to get PRA. In each and every village, farmers/ plantation females and youths collected inside the middle sites belonging to the villages and also were ingested to assurance as a result of informal discussions.
The final result with the first conversation conference was these kinds of that it eased the connection setting up inside the revealed villages over the playing of folks songs, idioms, proverbs and wishes etc. In first some ideas associated with their routine functions ended up floated along with exchanged by which their greatest chats diverted them for the producing in addition to allied problems even more improvement.
Identification involving Villages pertaining to PRA
The communities revealed by the IGSSS were determined when agent areas to prepare SREP for that Sumbal tehsil plus required PRA seemed to be executed in them. In this particular way, the villages intended for PRA were Inderkot, Ganastan, Gund Ibrahim along with Tregam with Sumbal Sonawari tehsil. Since the tehsil comes in temperate agro climatic zoom along with all this determined villages have just about standard Agro Eco Situations (AES). The chosen villages just vary on the scope involving various problems along with facilities.
Transect Walks
Each determined town ended up being been to according to timetable plus first give specifics of the topography, location, natural resources, demography, cropping patterns, vegetation, livestock and allied socio-economic pursuits were collected through the make use of interview plan and hamlet transect walks. These walks were welcomed through the villagers plus they enjoyed to share their particular information as well as experiences when using the scientists/ experts.
Mappings
At the finish of every transect go walking plus relationship meeting inside picked villages, the farmers were requested to be able to sketch this resource guide with their communities on attracting sheets. This workout seemed to be really inventive and also entertaining to the villagers as well unlike in the west other participants.
Wealth Ranking
Wealth ranking was executed by simply direct as well as indirect asking on the villagers/farmers within the basis with gross income/month/household without hurting their sentiments. In each one small town the actual farmers/villagers have been labeled when Low, Medium and High earnings party farmers. The farmers/ villagers ended up finally recognized as learning resource in addition to learning resource rich. The availablility of source poor villagers can be exceeding the particular useful resource full of each and every village.
Existing Farming Systems
To distinguish that producing systems with each and every whole village several enterprises viz. rising associated with crops, fruits, vegetables, rearing regarding cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, sericulture and also other harvesting activities along with their info getting implemented ended up considered as well as diagnosed . These devices slightly be different as outlined by small degree agro-eco situations.
Gap Analysis
This seemed to be executed by making ratings between your recommended plans plus existing businesses then farmers/villagers. The precise reasons why you are the spaces ended up inquired and your farmers invited that will suggest homework in addition to extendable approaches for back filling these kinds of gaps. While planning your SREP unique particular attention is definitely settled farm youngsters along with females to generate career and revenue through providing of trainings around several agro-vocations.
III.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SELECTED VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP
Inderkot Village
Inderkot small town of Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil is actually pass on over an division of with regards to one hundred fifty hectares of land. More than 100 hectares are generally irrigated and also remaining as un-irrigated and also rainfed. Water can be lifted from the Jehlum through irrigation canals by simply push sets. Paddy can be grown up under water logged circumstances and mostly individual showing style is followed. Nearly 10 hectares regarding land has been documented under orchards.
Inderkot contains eleven patis (hamlets), that is Chana-mohalla, Sadat-mohalla, Gunzri-mohalla, Bana-mohalla, Munz-mohalla, Sonabar and Murtazabad. The village is definitely getting 900 people which has a population involving 5500 persons, beyond which usually 3000 will be guys plus 2500 females. Besides farming, carpet doing is yet another source of income. Almost every family members is usually having a crossbred cow, 2-3 sheep/goat and also 5-6 area chicken birds.
The small town is definitely having one particular middle school, 1 primary school, only two EGS, 3 SSA plus several Anganwari centers. In addition, a couple of self help groups (2 SHGs), namely Karwane - Zainab as well as Himayat usually are energetic under IGSS with their focus on carpet weaving, filling device work, pashmina spinning, cow and/ goat rearing as well as veggie growing.
The further more evaluation belonging to the records revealed this following: -
Income Groups
S.No
Income around Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No associated with Households
Percentage associated with Households
1
Up in order to 6000
Lower
342
38.00
2
6001-12000
Middle
522
58.00
3
12001 & Above
High
36
04.00
Total
900
100.00
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No involving Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
621
69.00
2
Resource Rich
279
31.00
Total
900
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
571
63.4
2
Horticulture
7
0.8
3
Olericulture
14
1.5
4
Animal Husbandry
338
37.5
5
Sheep Husbandry
309
34.2
6
Poultry Keeping
23
2.5
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
11
1.2
8
Handloom
435
48.3
9
Embroidery
144
16
10
Others
383
42.5
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Poultry keeping
310
35
2.
Animal Husbandry + Sheep/ Goat + Horticulture
217
24
3.
Sheep/ Goat + Poultry Keeping + Agriculture
301
33
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
72
8.0
Total
900
100
Contribution of Various Enterprises
S. No
Name regarding Enterprises
No with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
369
41
2
Sheep Husbandry
171
19
3
Animal Husbandry
108
12
4
Vegetable
27
3
5
Fruits
9
1
6
Poultry Keeping
18
2
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
198
22
Total
900
100
Gund Ibrahim Village
The village will be possessing a region with related to 160 ha associated with land away from which will 120 ha usually are irrigated in addition to remaining when unirrigated as well as rainded. Paddy and maize tend to be produced around Kharif and Sarson with Rabi using some lands. More in comparison with 15 ha of property is employed for orchard along with vegetable cultivation. The town is actually having about 275 loved ones together with an overall total populace of regarding 2500 persons composed of associated with 1500 males along with multitude of females. The main options associated with irrigation are lift irrigation from Sukhnal, Trazpora Nallah and are in addition referred to as when Trukulbal.
Resources
Income Groups
S.No
Income inside Rupees/Month
Level with Income Group
No regarding Households
Percentage regarding Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
43
16
2
6001-12000
Middle
215
78
3
12001 & Above
High
17
06
Total
275
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
154
56
2
Resource Rich
121
44
Total
275
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
160
58
2
Horticulture
14
5
3
Olericulture
11
4
4
Animal Husbandry
66
24
5
Sheep Husbandry
83
30
6
Poultry Keeping
28
10
7
Handloom
105
38
8
Embroidery
8
3
9
Services
6
2
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. connected with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Vegetable + Poultry keeping
127
46
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry +Agriculture + Poultry keeping
66
24
3.
Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry
49
18
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
33
12
Total
275
100
Contribution of Various Enterprises
S. No
Name of Enterprises
No of Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
111
40
2
Horticulture
3
1
3
Vegetable
2
1
4
Animal Husbandry
50
18
5
Sheep Husbandry
56
20
6
Poultry Keeping
2
1
7
Sericulture (Non farm)
7
3
8
Handloom (Carpet Making)
44
16
Total
275
100
Ganastan Village
Ganastan small town involving Sumbal Tehsil is usually a list regarding 5 Paties (hamlets) that is – Khanpet, Ganastan, Checki, Goonchipora and Rukh mohalla. It can be having with regards to 420 homeowners that has a entire population of 3200 persons, away of which 1920 are usually adult men plus 1280 females. The whole village is lengthy in order to a place connected with 400 hectares, outside of that 300 hectares usually are irrigated plus one hundred hectares as unirrigated as well as rainfed. About one hundred hectares involving terrain is put underneath orchard in addition to vegetables. Paddy along with maize are produced in Kharief along with wheat, oat as well as Sarson become with Rabi.
The small town is provided having one each one high school, Angan Wari Center, posting office, ECGS, SSA, Cooperative society, Unani Dispensary in addition to sheep center. The a variety of things to do generally brought from the whole village includes growing of crops, livestock rearing, lambs plus goat showing and new carpet building etc. two do-it-yourself support sets namely Usman as well as Ummar Groups within IGSSS tend to be as of the moment supporting with Sozni work and ideal to divert to get agricultural and other valuation add-on activities.
Income Groups
S.No
Income with Rupees/Month
Level involving Income Group
No associated with Households
Percentage associated with Households
1
Up to 6000
Lower
82
19
2
6001-12000
Middle
188
45
3
12001 & Above
High
150
36
Total
420
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No associated with Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
305
72
2
Resource Rich
115
28
Total
420
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. involving households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
294
70
2
Horticulture
23
5
3
Olericulture
288
69
4
Animal Husbandry
198
47
5
Sheep Husbandry
201
48
6
Poultry Keeping
150
36
7
Sericulture
48
11
8
Handloom
223
53
9
Embroidery
80
19
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. associated with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Animal Husbandry
154
36
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Agriculture + Sericulture
130
31
3.
Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Sheep / Goat + Poultry Keeping
104
25
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
32
8
Total
420
100
Contribution regarding Various Enterprises
S. No
Name of Enterprises
No connected with Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
229
54
2
Horticulture
21
5
3
Olericulture
34
8
4
Animal Husbandry
28
7
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
10
6
Poultry Keeping
12
3
7
Sericulture
12
3
8
Handloom
38
9
Embroidery
3
1
Total
420
100
Tregam Village
Tregam village regarding Tehsil Sonawari contains Paties (helmets) like Odina, Malikpora, Mallapora and Parraypora propagate over a region connected with about fifteen ha involving land, outside of which often 10 ha is irrigated in addition to majority can be unirrigated along with rainfed. The town is getting nearly three hundred loved ones using a whole people with 3261 persons. The male plus feminine population claimed is definitely 1655 plus 1605 respectively. The village can be given some schools, one particular SSA and a veterinary center. The waters is heightened by simply that pump pieces from Kawasoo evaluate in addition to Badi Numble.
The cultivable area is definitely placed less than paddy, maize, rajmash in addition to vegetables inside kharief in addition to peas plus oats within rabi. Only some ha of land is actually within orchards. Livestock inhabitants involves 250 cattle, as well as about 200 sheep/goat. Almost every single loved ones is obtaining 5-7 nearby chicken birds. The village is also possessing one chicken farm.
Two self help groups particularly Kirmani and Gulshan under IGSSS are lively to get various profits producing routines just like filling device work, carpet weaving in addition to goat/ lambs showing etc. These sets will be well connected by using numerous improvement firms belonging to the area. The further study uncovers since under:
Income Groups
S.No
Income within Rupees/Month
Level of Income Group
No involving Households
Percentage regarding Households
1
Up that will 6000
Lower
60
17
2
6001-12000
Middle
130
37
3
12001 & Above
High
160
46
Total
350
100
Wealth Ranking
S.No
Category
No of Households
Percent Household
1.
Resource Poor
220
63
2
Resource Rich
130
37
Total
350
100
Existing Farming Enterprises
S.No
Enterprises
No. of households
Percentage
1
Agriculture
220
63
2
Horticulture
55
16
3
Olericulture
58
17
4
Animal Husbandry
38
11
5
Sheep Husbandry
43
12
6
Poultry Keeping
215
61
7
Sericulture
45
13
8
Handloom
80
23
9
Services
10
3
Existing Farming System
S. No
Existing Farming system
No. with households
Percentage
1.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Poultry Keeping
195
56
2.
Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Poultry Keeping
85
24
3.
Agriculture + Vegetable + Sericulture + Poultry Keeping
60
17
3.
Handloom + Embroidery
10
3
Total
350
100
Contribution of Various Enterprises
S. No
Name of Enterprises
No involving Households
% contribution
1
Agriculture
148
42
2
Horticulture
8
2
3
Olericulture
22
6
4
Animal Husbandry
32
9
5
Sheep/ Goat Husbandry
44
13
6
Poultry Keeping
14
4
7
Sericulture
10
3
8
Handloom
62
18
Services
10
3
Total
350
100
IV. Selected towns connected with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil at a Glance (Facts and figures)
N = 46
1
Age (Yrs)
upto 20
21-35
36-50
51 & above
Total
No./%age
2 (4.3)
10 (21.7)
27 (58.7)
7 (15.2)
46 (100)
2
Education
Illiterate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Graduate & above
Total
No./%age
24 (52.2)
5 (10.9)
9 (19.6)
6 (13.0)
2 (4.3)
46 (100)
3
Family size
upto 4 members (small)
5-8 associates (medium0
9 & on top of (composite)
No./%age
2 (4.3)
23 (50)
21 (45.7)
46 (100)
4
Occupation
Farming
Business
Services
More than one
Total
No/%age
18(39.1)
4(8.7)
2(4.3)
22(47.8)
46(100)
5
Income(Rs)/ Month /head
Upto 6000(Low)
6001-12000(Medium)
12001 & Above(High)
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
14(30.5)
10(21.7)
46(100)
6
Land Holding(Size) around Kanals
Upto 5
5.1-10
10.1-15
15.1 & Above
Landless
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
14(30.4)
11(23.9)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
46(100)
7
Source regarding Information (Persons)
Family Member
Relative
Neighbour
Friends
Village Head
Total
No/%age
25(54.3)
6(13.0)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
46(100)
(Officers)
VEW
AEO
HDO
NGO
U.Scientists
None
Total
No/%age
14(30.4)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
46(100)
(Media)
Radio
TV
Radio & TV
Newspapers
All
None
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
7(15.2)
24(52.2)
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
1(2.2)
46(100)
8
Frequency involving Visits/ Offices
Weekly
Fortnightly
Monthly
Seasonally
Never
Total
Dev. Department.
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
8(17.4)
31(67.4)
46(100)
ATIC
-
-
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
40(87.0)
46(100)
KVK
-
-
-
1(2.2)
45(97.8)
46(100)
Research Stn.
-
-
-
2(4.3)
44(95.7)
46(100)
Univ. HQ
-
-
-
10(21.7)
36(78.3)
46(100)
9
Adoption connected with Technology
Paddy Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
21(45.7)
13(28.3)
7(15.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Seed Rate(Kgs/Kanal)
Upto 3
3.1 – 4
4.1 & Above
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
5(10.9)
31(67.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plants/Hill
5-8
More as compared to 8
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
22(47.8)
19(41.3)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
12(26.1)
26(56.5)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Use involving Weedicides
Use regarding Fungicide/Insecticide
Use associated with a lot more than one
None connected with Chemicals
Not Applicable
Total
No/$age
15(32.6)
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
24(52.2)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal(Qtls.)
Upto 2
2.1-3.5
More than 3.5
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
18(39.1)
14(30.4)
5(10.9)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
All Types with Problems
None belonging to the Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
8(17.4)
3(6.5)
14(30.4)
3(6.5)
5(10.9)
46(100)
10
Maize Crop
Varieties
Local
Improved
Latest
None
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
3(6.5)
2(4.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Seed Rate Kgs/Kanal
Upto 1.5
1.6-3.0
More compared to 3
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Fertilizer Application
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
5(10.9)
8(17.4)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Plant Protection
Applying insecticide etc.
Not Applying any kind of Chemical
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
13(28.3)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Yield/Kanal (Qtls.)
Upto 1
1.1-2.0
More when compared with 2
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
6(13.0)
3(6.5)
32(69.6)
46(100)
Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
Natural Proneness
None regarding Problems
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
3(6.5)
4(8.7)
4(8.7)
32(60.6)
46(100)
11
Rabi Crops Grown
Sarson/Mustard
Oats
Wheat
More in comparison with one
None of Crops
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
9(19.6)
28(60.9)
46(100)
12
Kharif Vegetables Grown
More than One
None
Total
No/%age
39(84.8)
7(15.2)
46(100)
13
Rabi Vegetables Grown
More as compared with One
None
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
11(23.9)
46(100)
14
Vegetable Problems
Input Availability
Technical Know how
All Types
None
Total
No/%age
5(10.9)
16(34.8)
13(28.3)
12(26.1)
46(100)
15
Fruit Orchard
Apple
Walnut
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
2(4.3)
2(4.3)
31(67.4)
46(100)
16
Apple Varieties
Local
Commercial
Mixed
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
10(21.7)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Orchard Age(Yrs.)
upto-5 (New)
5.1-15 (Young)
15.1-30 & More (Old)
None
Total
No/%age
6(13.0)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Training & Pruning
Yes
No
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
7(15.2)
6((13.0)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Fertilizer Applications
Complete NPK
Partial NPK
No NPK
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
2(4.3)
7(15.2)
4(8.7)
33(71.7)
46(100)
Apple Problems
Pollination
Diseases/Pests
Fertilizer application
More compared to a single Problem
Not Applicable
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
8(17.4)
1(2.2)
3(6.5)
33(71.7)
46(100)
17
Cattle Rearing Breed
Local
Crossbred
Both(L&C)
None
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
18(39.1)
2(4.3)
13(28.3)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto 2
More than 2
Total
No/%age
13(28.3)
29(63.0)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Milk Yield/H/D (Litres)
Upto four (Low)
4.1 – 8.0 (Medium)
8.1 – 15.0 (High)
Nil
Total
No/%age
9(19.6)
17(37.0)
5(10.9)
15(32.6)
46(100)
Cattle Problem
Feeding
Diseases
Vet.Facilities
None
Total
No/%age
3(6.5)
25(54.3)
3(6.5)
15(32.6)
46(100)
18
Sheep/Goat Rearing Breed
Local/Improved
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
No/Household
None
Upto- 2
3 - 6
More than 6
Total
No/%age
35(76.1)
5(10.9)
2(4.3)
4(8.7)
46(100)
Sheep/Goat Problem
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
11(23.9)
35(76.1)
46(100)
19
Poultry Keeping Breed
Local
Improved
None
Total
No/%age
36(78.3)
1(2.2)
9(19.6)
46(100)
Birds/Household
None
Upto-2
3-6
More as compared to 6
Total
No/%age
10(21.7)
3(6.5)
11(23.9)
22(47.8)
46(100)
Poultry Problems
Feeding
Housing
Diseases
None
Total
No/%age
1(2.2)
1(2.2)
27(58.7)
17(37.0)
46(100)
IV. Gap Analysis and Proposed Extension Training Strategy/ Action Plan for your Representative Villages associated with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil
S. No
Enterprise/ Package Item
Existing situation/ problem
Village-wise position from the situation / problem
Recommended programme/ action prepare pertaining to Sumbal Sonawari area
Inderkot
Gundibrahim
Ganastan
Tregam
A. Agriculture (Crops)
1
Paddy cultivation
Growing paddy primarily beneath waterlogged conditions
Severe waterlogged conditions
Less waterlogged
Mild waterlogged
Severe waterlogged
Introduction of Technology to get paddy cultivation around waterlogged spot through homework and demonstration.
More use with regional along with old cultivars with paddy (Nikchina, Safed China, Roosi, China 1007 etc.)
More when compared with 1 / 3 with community less than regional and traditional varieties
Half on the community under regional plus common varieties
One third connected with community within nearby along with traditional varieties
Three fourth community under local along with standard varieties
Replacement connected with paddy versions simply by enhanced and new varieties these because China 1039, K39, Jehlum in addition to Shalimar rice 1, by way of FLD plan and seed village advancement concept
Paddy community obviously at risk of water logging worry conditions
Due to be able to faulty plus abnormal mineral water syndication system
Due that will flawed and also intermittent water submitter system
Due that will flawed and irregular water syndication system
Due to help defective as well as abnormal water syndication system
Fair and also just simply normal water supply needs the roll-out of waters harvesting technological know-how along with additional water rising gas stops along with canals
Using larger seed prices (more as compared with 60-80 kg /ha)
Two third in the farmers implementing larger seed starting price as compared with recommended
More in comparison with two next farmers implementing higher seedling rate as compared with recommended
Nearly a couple of third farmer using bigger seed rate as compared with recommended
Half on the farmers using better seed starting charge than recommended
Awareness training programmes are a good idea to lessen this seedling prices through much better setting management
Transplanting system implementing much more plant per hill (Above 8-10 seedling each hill)
More as compared to one third farmers employing above 8 seedlings every hill
Less as compared to 1 / 3 employing on top of 8 seedlings per hill
One third using on top of 8-10 seedling per hill
Two third farmers employing previously mentioned 8 seedling per hill
Mortality of seedlings really should be diminished applying enhanced seed, right seed starting treatment and means of taking vegetation when using the off-road ball.
Fertilizer job application (Use with NPK fertilizers)
Nearly fifty percent from the farmers applying many of the about three fertilizers rest are using sometimes NP connected with N only
More in comparison with three last employing part application i.e. NP or even N only
Nearly not one but two next farmers utilizing Partial job application i.e. NP or even N only
Half on the farmers implementing Partial application i.e NP or N only
Awareness ejaculate showing upon us going for superior seed starting in addition to balanced fertilizers through FLD plus OFT programmes
Plant security measures
More than 50 percent belonging to the farmer implementing weedicide and also solely several p'cent utilizing insecticide/ fungicides
More compared to 12-15 percentage farmers using weedicide only
One final in the farmers making use of weedicide and much more as compared to 8% are utilizing fungicide
None of the farmers using just about any grow safeguards measure
Conducting associated with education courses associated with weed control, fun time direction along with paddy grasshoppers.
Yield
Nearly 1 / 2 belonging to the farmers enjoying 2.1 to help 3.5 q /kanal
Less when compared with 50 % on the farmers enjoying 2.1 to 3.5 q/kanal
Two next farmers harvesting 2.1 for you to 3.5 q/kanal
Only one last with the farmers working 2.1 to 3.5 q/ kanal
The promise every kanal can often be increased throughout the showing associated with scientific cultivation of paddy less than water logged conditions in each one village.
2
Maize
Grown area versions under rainfed conditions when cattle fodder and also mixed having Rajmash
One final with the farmers increasing maize under rainfed conditions
Two finally in the farmers rising maize within rainfed conditions
Less in comparison with just one fourth belonging to the farmers rising maize less than rainfed conditions
One final on the farmers raising maize beneath rainfed conditions
High yielding (for materials plus fodder) in addition to very low water necessitie varieties needs to be popularized by way of demonstrations and also coaching programmes
Methods regarding seeding and seed rate
One fourth associated with this farmers growing maize under rainfed conditions and also making use of seed amount 1.6 in order to three kg/kanal
Two third from the farmers increasing maize under rainfed illnesses and also using seedling amount 1.6 for you to 3 or more kg/kanal
Less than a single fourth on the farmers growing maize below rainfed problems along with implementing seedling rate 1.6 to be able to a few kg/kanal
One next belonging to the farmers increasing maize less than rainfed problems in addition to utilizing seed amount 1.6 that will three kg/kanal
FLD system on maize farming could be done around each one village. Emphasis become granted upon proposed seed rate
Fertilizer application (Use with NPK fertilizers)
None associated with that farmer implementing almost any fertilizer
None involving the particular farmer making use of virtually any fertilizer
Few farmers (8%) implementing fertilizers
None connected with that character making use of any fertilizer
Awareness really should be created to implement endorsed serving regarding fertilizers through FLDs
Plant protection measures
Although problem regarding originate borer and leaf sheath blight noted nevertheless it's unlikely that any of the place protection measures taken
Although issue involving come borer and leaf sheath blight announced but nothing in the plant protection procedures taken
Although issue involving stem borer and also leaf sheath blight noted but none on the place safety procedures taken
Although difficulty regarding stem borer and leaf sheath blight reported nonetheless nothing with the grow crops safeguards actions taken
Integrated Pest Management on Maize could be introduced.
Yield
Maize is mostly become when fodder on the other hand grain deliver from fifty kg to be able to only two q /kanal will be reported
Maize is normally become since fodder nevertheless grain generate from 50 kg to 2 queen /kanal is reported
Maize is mostly grown up as fodder however grain generate from fifty kg in order to only two queen /kanal is reported
Maize is mostly become as fodder however feed provide out of 50 kg that will couple of queen /kanal is reported
Technology similar for you to farmers confidence with receiving joint advantage could possibly be demonstrated throughout each and every village
3
Rabi Crops
Mustard,oats and Wheat
Two third of that farmers not having almost any rabi crop, then again outstanding 1 / 3rd taking oats as well as whole wheat with regard to fodder purposes.
Half on the farmers not necessarily consuming just about any rabi crop, however remaining 1 / 3 having mustard (Oilseed) along with wheat with regard to fodder purposes.
More in comparison with 50 percent in the farmers definitely not taking any rabi crop, nevertheless other one third having oats and wheat intended for fodder purposes.
Two finally on the farmers not taking just about any rabi crop, even so leftover 30 % taking wheat intended for fodder purposes.
Technology to look at 2 bottle cropping can be shown and improved/ brand-new fodder crop/ seedling should be presented to get cultivation purposes
4
General cropping pattern
Single cropping system (Monoculture) predominantly followed
In kharief typically paddy can be grown when it is in rabi your derricks tend to be normal water logged along with is still fellow
In kharief generally paddy is usually become while within rabi that derricks are water logged and stays fellow
In kharief generally paddy is grown when it's in rabi the actual job areas are water logged plus continues fellow
In kharief primarily paddy will be grown when it is in rabi the job areas are waters logged along with is always fellow
Technology to take 2 bottle cropping can be proven along with improved/ brand-new fodder crop/ seed really should be given with regard to farming purposes
B. Vegetables
1
Kharief vegetables
Growing most different types of vegetables for residence ingestion solely (Cole, Solanaeceous, Cucurbits along with vegetables).
Two lastly growing vegetables intended for domestic goal (Kitchen gardening)
Almost all developing vegetables for domestic purpose (Kitchen gardening)
Almost many growing produce with regard to home function (Kitchen gardening)
More than Two finally increasing greens pertaining to family reason (Kitchen gardening)
Almost the many farmers have his or her home gardens. So providing training about kitchen's back garden pertaining to fresh, sensible and also normal method of getting greens for property consumption shall be involving important exterminator dallas exclusively for any farm women
Input accessibility (seeds, fertilizers etc.)
Just adequate
Inadequate
Just adequate
Adequate
The SHGs inside the communities normally takes the challenge of feedback availableness and also help the community
Insect, pest plus disease problems (Cut worms, borers, aphids, wilt and also blight etc.)
Nearly 1 / 2 associated with the particular farmers/ growers going through insect, pest plus disease problem
Half in the farmers /growers facing insect, pest in addition to disorder problem
More when compared with a few final from the farmers /growers confronting insect, pest and disorder problem
Nearly most of that farmers /growers experiencing insect, pest along with disease problem
Vegetable, unwanted pests and also ailments (like slice worms, borers along with wilt and also blight in chillies, capsicum, tomato as well as brinjal) tend to be posing a serious hazard as well as envisages conduction of IPM training programs / course intended for farm ladies and youth. Seed in addition to plant healing may perhaps be popularized.
Latest polyhouse technology, seed production, off season, post-harvest vegetable development know-how with regard to commercial purposes.
Unknown for the farmers but generally serious about training
Unknown in order to the actual farmers nevertheless mainly considering training
Unknown towards the farmers but largely interested in training
Unknown towards farmers nonetheless generally keen on training
Training procedure related to fruit set in cucurbits through pollination options for females plus farm youth. Training related to commercialization and vegetable seed production for village youth plus women. Training on publish harvesting supervision of farm females and also youth through SHGs shall produce girls empowerment
2
Rabi vegetables
Growing leafy, basic vegetables, peas etc. on restricted level thanks to help drainage system
More when compared with half on the farmers expanding rabi fruit and vegetables within their house gardens
Nearly two third with the farmers growing rabi vegetables for their kitchen gardens
All the farmers raising rabi fruit and vegetables of their kitchen area gardens
More than a pair of next with the farmers developing rabi veggies of their cooking area gardens
Awareness ejaculate instruction workshops on scientific farming regarding rabi veggies inside area to get women folk exclusively will be associated with great importance
Inputs along with most recent techie know-how
More when compared with 30 % on the farmers face dilemma connected with inputs as well as complex know-how
Less when compared with a single fourth with the farmers face dilemma regarding inputs in addition to specialised know-how
One fourth with the farmers experience trouble with inputs as well as techie know-how
More in comparison with half with the farmers face trouble involving inputs and also specialised know-how
Vegetables using greater water qualification (water supportive vegetables) always be popularized. Training programmes regarding seedling development as well as post-harvest technology really should be introduced
C. Horticulture
B
Fruit Growing (Apple, Pear, Walnut etc.)
Fruit raising is definitely constrained to help higher elevations, karewa countries as well as just lately world stuffed lands. Mostly orchards are generally improperly maintained plus experiencing challenges of insect pest disorders (Root rot, collar rot, scab, alterneria etc.), pollination, fruit set, fruit drop, untrue pruning etc. In apple company company in addition to pear orchards. Insect, pest plus illness challenge inside walnut (walnut weevil, leaves borer etc.
More compared to 30 % developing apple company only
One third growing apple and walnut equally
One fourth increasing most sorts of temperate fruits
More in comparison with 1 / 3rd rising every type connected with fruits
Since fresh fruit raising is not really common, on the other hand the apple company pear in addition to walnut trees and shrubs with most of the orchard were improperly maintained inside dearth of correct technical know-how. To improve the horticulture in this area, intensive education is required within orchard layout, management, IPM, pruning and training, grow crops propagation techniques etc. for any farm childhood to be able to grow talent around crops culture along with crank out employment.
D. Livestock
1
Cattle (cow plus draught animals)
Lack associated with know-how as well as veterinary features on the topic of particular breed of dog development and dairy yield
Three fourth with the farmers rearing cattle yielding primarily 4 liters involving take advantage of everyday for each head. Nearly half cattle population combination bred
Three fourth on the farmers parenting cattle yielding mostly 4 liters of take advantage of per day each head. One fourth livestock inhabitants cross bred
More as compared to Three final belonging to the farmers parenting cattle yielding typically five liters of dairy for each day per head. Half cattle people cross bred
More than one third from the farmers parenting cattle yielding mainly five to help 8 liters of take advantage of each day per head. One final livestock human population cross bred
Cattle showing from the location can be popular along with virtually three final families keeping a few livestock yielding take advantage of even approximately 15 liters occasionally each day. Training system upon keep improvement (Breed Improvement) by way of synchronization plus AI programmes.
Dosing as well as vaccination, cattle diseases including FMD, Mastitis, ecto along with endo parasites, Rinderpest etc.
More compared to one half farmers reported livestock health conditions because primary problem
Less compared to a single fourth farmers announced cattle ailments while principal problem
Nearly one third farmers documented cattle diseases seeing that principal problem
Negligible percentage connected with farmers described cattle ailments when major problem
Training process about healing / vaccination in addition to dosing next to disorders similar to FMD, Mastitis plus endo ecto parasites (Worms, ticks and mites) etc.
Feeding of cattle
One lastly with farmers described fodder/ nourish shortages pertaining to cattle
None involving farmers claimed fodder/ give shortages pertaining to cattle
Nearly two lastly of farmers reported fodder/ give food to shortages intended for cattle
None with farmers claimed fodder/ feed shortages with regard to cattle
Training programme on preparing and also by using sensible cattle rations. Introduction along with increasing of new fodders while in the area
Willing regarding development some sort of dairy commercial unit
None of the farmer be informed on that private unit
None from the farmer be informed on this financial unit
None involving the character learn about the actual private unit
None in the character be informed on the commercial unit
After creep production, cattle parenting are an essential exercise in the spot and needs to be arranged by way of improvement connected with dairy devices and cooperatives for selection and submitting associated with milk.
2
Sheep/ goat rearing
Good lots of neighborhood goats and cross reproduce sheep requirements certain breed improvement
One fifth farmers showing goat / lambs around half a dozen Nos or more for every head
Half in the farmers rearing goat / sheep as long as some Nos and up per head
Less as compared with one fifth farmers showing goat / lambs up to 6 Nos or over for each head
Less compared to one 1 / 2 farmers rearing goat / sheep as long as 6 Nos or more every head
Nearly one final involving the farmers rearing goat/ sheep inside community up to five Nos. and up for each household. Thus endorsing this sheep / goat rearing hobby like a sensible model regarding unemployed / neighborhood youth can possibly be popularized.
Dosing and vaccination
The illnesses just like FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo plus ecto parasites reported.
The health conditions like FMD, Mangitits, foot or so rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The ailments such as FMD, Mangitits, feet rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
The ailments like FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo and ecto parasites reported.
Sheep/ goat care units inside villages possibly be established. Training process with treatment/ vaccination and also dosing against the illnesses frequent within the area
Development involving sheep in addition to goat unit
None from the farmer be familiar with your industrial unit
None involving the player be aware of the private unit
None with the character be informed on the commercial unit
None of the character realize around the commercial unit
Promoting that lambs and also goat showing activity upon Establishment of sheep / goat product intended for employment and also salary technology pertaining to rural junior plus women.
3
Poultry keeping
Keeping involving simply couple of local gulls for each household with regard to household purposes
Three fourth belonging to the farmers keeping a few to help 6 nearby birds per household
Less in comparison with three fourth with that farmers retaining several to be able to 6 area birds for every household
More than about three final on the farmers retaining three in order to 6 local parrots for every household
More as compared with several last with the farmers preserving three in order to 6 nearby birds per household
Introduction with outdoor property chicken having improved / new canine (Vonraja) for commercial requirements through ladies SHGs of the spot could be encouraged.
More chook death on account of poultry conditions (Cocidiosis, Ranikhet etc.)
One one half farmers struggling with disease problem within chicken keeping
One 50 percent farmers experiencing disease challenge around poultry keeping
One one half farmers facing condition issue within chicken keeping
All the particular farmers going through disease challenge inside poultry keeping
Organization involving coaching workshops on medical poultry keeping and also command with conditions similar to Ranikhet, Cocidiosis etc.
E. Allied activities
Handicrafts
Prominent inside handicraft activities
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